During the selection of sites to consider, many sites were ruled out. After the Midwest and south sections of the us were ruled out only atlantic seaboard states remained. Philadelphia was also removed from the list of possible sites because it was too close to Washington, the Uno doesn’t want the final location to come under Washington’s influence. The sites that were to be chosen can not be nar a large city and must not be within ten miles of nyc.
The uno had some specific interests and things that it would like for the sites chosen. A city was preferred for the interim headquarters. They would need space for the permanent secretrait(1,000 persons), the security council (between 100 and 200 persons), and for the general assembly (5,000 persons).
There were many sites that were chosen for the interim headquarters. NYC, Boston and Atlantic City were suggested for choice of the interim HQ. The Sperry gyroscope plant at Lake Success, Nassau County, Rockefeller center theatre and Whitelaw Reid at Madison Avenue at 50th street the Stamford Greenwich site, hyde park, the blue hills and north shore districts of massachusets , the empire state building and the hunter college gym building were chosen sites.
When Greenwich, Connecticut Greenwich Stamford area was first preference on list of proposed sites for permanent HQ an explosion of public protest arose. They felt “placing a large institution such as capital of Uno in or adjacent to Greenwich will change character of community-up to this time has been purely residential, that the home environment of many thousands of people will be seriously disturbed
When hunter college was selected as a choice for the interim headquarters protest erupted from many difeernt source. The president of hunter college, George n Shuster was one of them and he calls the idea as being disastrous with overcrowded colleges. Shuster says that “we are opposed strongly” and that “our educational facilities are strained to the utmost now and under those circumstances the taking out of circulation af an educational unit as large as large as the Bronx unit would be nothing short of disastrous”. The reconditioning of the buildings that the navy had under their control as a training camp would be finished on sept. 1 when the “educational load” will be heavy. He also said that continued use of the college for uno purposes woud “gravely impair the education of young people for the next few years.” Another opposition came from a committee representing students self government association of hunter college visited city hall and left 450 petitions bearing 3534 signatures of students and Bronx residents who uttered hesitation over effects that the loss of the college buildings would have on the cities education program if the Uno was to become a permanent occupant The newspaper also said that the UN was depriving the war veterans of their chance to resume their studies by moving into the empty buildings of Hunter College.
Mayor o’ dwyer was advised strongly to make the Bronx campus of hunter college available as an interim home for the security council. The reason of choosing hunter was that the five buildings there with their assembly halls of various size and living quarters for the secretrait was described as “might have wll been designed for our purposes”. If the mayor opposed then the uno would have to stop locating on uptown college grounds. The mayor would need to help find space for the security council meeting a hall with a capacity of at leats 500 to 1000 persons and for the secretrait of 200 to 250 translators and steno typists, the press and a nominal number of the public. motushi ahmed
Conclusion
As seen in this essay, the U.N security Council had a very difficult time finding a location for their temporary and permanent headquarters in the United States.
They faced both international and domestic oppositions. The European Nations thought that relocating the U.N to America would cause a shift of power as seen at the end of the second world war, thus opposed this decision. Within the United States, opppositions came from places like Hunter college, where the U.N sought to place its temporary security counsil headquarters. Through thick or thin, the United Nations was able to find a suitable place for their housing in New York. Though they didn't get exactly what they wanted they found a place that was suitable for them in Manhattan. Now with the United States as the most powerful nation in the world and having a world peace organization in its premises, there is an assurance of a safer world for us.
Europe has always been known as the center of the world. In the early 1500's Europeans were able to soar around the world colonizing different countries around the world. They controlled the coastal areas of almost every country by which they made a lot of their wealth. In addition to this. Europeans were able to colonize and conquer the United States only for a few years.(The U.S. is now the most powerful country in the world after breaking away from england and claiming their independence) This was one of the many beginnings that proved to Europeans that America would grow into a strong and powerful country.
World War two began in 1939 and ended in 1945. It was a very deadly and costly war for Americans and mostly Europeans. According to "Charter", a primary source document on th U.N security counsil, this war left London in complete destruction leaving the U.N members no where to have their meetings but in half burned half full buildings. As a result of the second world war,there was a shift of gravity on where the center of the world should be. Unfortunately, the west of Europe had been conquered by the enemy, (Soviet Union another superpower during the Cold War). However, America was left standing strong as a result of their industrialization that helped them trade with other countries and help them come out of the Grerat depression, Thus improving their economy and being known as the new center of the world. Based on these analysis the U.N security council had no other perfect plan than to place a world peace organization, U. N headquarters in the U.S because of it location and its new name as the most powerful country in the world.
Finding a location for the intemin headquarters was not easy. There were many oppositions within the sites chosen. The United Nations selected three of the buildings within the Bronx campus at hunter college. The newspaper, the mayor and the president of Hunter college all opposed this movement. The newspapers said that by moving into the empty buildings of Hunter the un was stealing because then the war veterans who will be returning cannot resume their studies. Mayor o’ Dwyer also opposed this movement he did not want the students to be deprived of their education. George n Shuster who is the president of hunter described this idea as disastrous. Shuster did not want overcrowding within the college.-Motushi Ahmed
Feiza Umme
In 1939, when World War Two erupted in Europe with Germany’s invasion of Poland, numerous economic indicators suggested that the Untied Nation was still deeply mired in the depression. Europe was the world’s political powe rand also the center of gravity. However after World War Two, all of that changed. Europe’s government was naturally preoccupied with their own problems of recovery and readjustment following the war. Europe, in short was no longer the sole contender of the world’s political power center of gravity, as it has been for centuries – a role which has resulted in periodic internal struggles on the content itself and in the imposition of foreign rule on other large areas not necessarily in need of tutorship. These days were over. All these changes has caused Europe to loose the political power and that power has transferred to the United states. We are studying the problems associated with placing the United Nations permanent and interim headquarters in America because we want to prove how America gained power.
There may have been some questions as to whether or the original choice of the Untied States as the world capital was really wise. Its security, its distance from the world's principal trouble zones, its freedom of press and speech, its great technical apparatus, were undoubtedly decisive factors in its favor, through against these be held the high cost of everything in the Untied States, including the choosen site with assessed valuation of $60,000,000 and the scarcity of dollar exchange, which it makes for smaller countries to meet their contribution and might even affect the proper disementation of the UNO news irrevocable, and since that choice was limited to the Eastern seaboard, the selection of New York and its immediate neighborhood appears inescapable.
Philadelphia was eliminated because of its proximity to Washington. The UNO had a debate on a site several delegates argued that the organizations capital should not be near enough to come under its influence.The committee formal announced that the site should not be located within the or too near a large metropolitan district.
Secondary Source Documents (International Oppositions)
(pg 62) The commission's Committee Eight by a vote of 30 to 14, agree that :"the permanent headquarters of the Untied States be located in the Untied States of America." Only a few minutes before, an amendment recommending Europe in place of the United States had been defeated by 25 to 23, with 2 abstentions. The leader of the "European party," Philip Noel Baker-had agreed in the end to make the choice of an American site unanimous. Do i need this paragraph for the oppositions.
Finding a permanent headquarter for the Untied Nation was a long and difficult process. As early as September 1945, the intense discussions started in the Church House, London did not clearly point out the official recognition of the world's new political center of gravity. The Europeans who were called "the losers" were uncertain that they were no longer the world's political center of gravity. The Untied States were called the "winners" were not enthusiastic to defend their position after all the Untied States barely won the victory.
The metropolitan areas and internationals crossroads of the Untied States would be in several ways propose an unsurpassed agreement with the foreign countries. But New York's specially has technical facilities are highly developed than any other American city that was discussed. But even before the first meeting in the Church House the Norwegian Foreign Office had made it decision and favored Europe. After all, Europe was far closer to Norway. Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium and France supported Europe. There were many conflicting sides and the arguments which came “increasingly to light” during December, 1945.
The Norwegian Delegation to the Preparatory Commission left for London during that time. The delegation was recommended to put an appropriate location in the east coast. "In the meantime, the pro-European lost the first round." The Organization's Executive Committee had recommended the Untied Nations Headquarters to be set up in the Untied States. Philip Noel-Baker had struggle fearlessly, though failed, for Geneva. Andrei Gromyko of the U.S.S.R had favored the Untied States. The Soviet Union then later modified its stand to support the east coast.
(pg 61) The final decision suggested to The General Assembly had been delayed but the opinion was going toward in favor of Europe. Canada, which had voted for the Untied States in the Executive Committee, now favored Europe. Britain, Canada, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Greece were strongly supported Europe. Poland jeopardized Soviet disapproval by also in favoring Europe.
In the end, the Permanent Headquarters Committee confirmed the Permanent Headquarters should be placed near New York, in Westchester Country, New York and/or Fairfield County, Connecticut. Further, it allowed establishment of a new Permanent Headquarters Commission to prepare other plans for Permanent Headquarters based on areas of two, four to five, ten, twenty, of forty square miles.
That was not the end. All of that changes after nine months when final decision for the Permanent Headquarter was again taken consideration when John D. Rockefeller Jr. donated 8.5 million dollars to pay for the 18 acre site. He guaranteed the construction of the building in the city. The Untied Nation Headquarters is located from 1st Avenue to FDR Drive, 405 East 42nd to East 48th. The Untied States Senate and House of Representatives voted in 1945 to allow the Untied Nation to have its Headquarter in New York. Construction of the 39 floor 544 ft tall construction took place between 1949 and 1951 and it was officially opened on January 9, 1951.
RACHEAL AND MOU!!!
THESE ARE THE PARAGRAPHS IT SHOULD BE!!
THIS IS THE ORDER
1. Europe as a center of the world rACHEAL
2. World War Two led to shift in Europe.RACHEAL
3. U.S became a proposal for the U.N. RACHEAL
4. International Opposition (Permanent Headquarters) Feiza
to the USA
7. National Opposition (Interim Headquarters) MOU
8 THE hell did the Untied Nations end up in Manhattan?
Motushi-66-73
topic- un location
main idea- hunter and Sperry plant chosen as hq
para 3- hunter-number of advantages feb 25p 66
-lease signed march 6
para 4- oppositions by newspapers p66
para 2 march-21- meeting held there p.67
para 3 -hunter temp for first few months p.68
- two possibilities get more space at hunter or move to Sperry plant at lake success
para 5-lease of half the plant for 3 yrs starting from July 1st.p68
para 4- municipal auditorium on world fairs ground in flushing meadow rent free plus 1,200,000 dollars in repairs and remodeling costs p.68
para 5 page 72 nine months later "I" found the final solution to the question of the permanent headquarters
questions
-who is I?
-what is his name?
-why did he join the U.N?
-was he the main guy?
Motushi - chuck i put 113-115 together i hope thats ok date -5- 2- 08
main idea-the permanent headquarters of the un
supporting details
para6- on feb 14,1946 the questing of the un location was stated
para7-location- Westchester (ny) and or Fairfield(conn.) counties near nyc
para9-commission drawing of plans of approximately 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 sq miles and cost
para11-the 2nd part of the 1st session would determine the exact area required and exact location
para20- intermin hq located in nyc end of feb the rep. were sent to find placed for sec. council meetings beginning march 21
- hunter college- feb25 on behalf of secretary general 3 building til may 5 leased
para 22-flushing meadow april11 secretariat- Sperry plant at lake success hunter lease extended from may 15 to aug 15, 1946 572,000 sq ft of Sperry plant meeting aug 15
para 30 all the selections were all in Westchester county
BETTER VERSION OF THE T/Q/R
THE DECISION TO PLACE THE INTERIM AND PERMANENT HEADQUARTERS OF THE UNTIED NATIONS IN THE UNTIED STATES FACED INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL OPPOSITIONSBECAUSE OF THE FEAR OF AMERICAN ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL POWER.
Group A United Nations Team: Welcome back. Thanks for the emails! Here is a suggestion to help you with the T/Q/R. Take a few minutes at the beginning of the workshop and create a web showing all the subjects found in the readings you've covered. What things/topics do they address? How many of them deal with the temporary headquarters of the Security Council at Hunter College? How many of them deal with other topics, for example the debate over locating the permanent headquarters of the United Nations in the United States? You might need to shift your focus slightly depending on the material you've read. Look closely at the information from "Center of the World." If you look at your statement above, you can see elements of a strong T/Q/R. What are the "economic and political shifts" to which you refer? Are they shifts at Hunter College? New York City? Let the information you've uncovered lead your thinking about the T/Q/R. Do not try to force the Security Council Activity at Hunter College into the T/Q/R when it may not fit. Chuck
Feiza Umme
These are the notes for Primary Source Document Document: The Capital of the World Published Date: February 4,1946
Topic: New York is interim location where the capital of the world should be.
Main Idea: The capital of the world meaning the headquarters of the Untied Nation should be New York but the decision hasn't been approved. The positive and negative aspect of the new york.
Supporting Details:
the seven-nations committee recommended Westchester-Standford area for the permanent h.q. for the U.N. and nyc as an interim headquarters for the UN.
The negatives are that distance from the world's principal trouble zones, its freedom of press and speech is a technical apparatus.[WHY?] and the high cost of everything in the U.S and the assessed valuation [is that tax?] of 60,000,000 and the lack of dollar exchange, which makes it difficult for smaller nations to contribute.
The positives things are compatible with safety, work in a international environment, best technical facilities, transportation and communication are supreme, libraries and institutes are unmatched to do research, cultural and recreational sources, press stands, international populations and nobody feels like a stranger.
Document: The World Capital-The Bronx Published: March 17, 1946
This document is not important.
Document: Interim UNO Site Published: January 9, 1946
There is nothing new in this article
Document: Republicans Chafe Under UNO Gymnasium Picked Published: February 25, 1945
Topic:
Main Idea : I understand that they choose Hunter {which is present Lehman } and specifically the Gymnasium. And that there weren't that many instructions carried out.
Supporting Details:
Questions:
Document: New York Offers Rooms for the UNO. Published:
Supporting Details: N.Y and three other cites recommended for the UN. headquarters. [Atlantic City, Boston, N.J.}
Hotel officials had agreed to provide accommodations for 5,000 people
Hotel people of NY had agreed to offer facilities for a maximum of 5,000 people and 250 suites and then adds 50 more suites.
OFFERS facilities in: Nassau County, Rockefeller Center, a mansion in Madison avenue etc.
Need housing of 200 people and assures that Queens and Nassau will have sapce.
Nassau people in return want more veterans.
Questions: Why do they need so much suites?
Who are they for?
Why do there to be temporary cities for the U.N HEADQUARTERS?
Document: New York and Boston are the Areas for UN0 Published:
Supporting Details:
UNO Interim Committee have selected PERMANENT AREAS in BOSTON OR NEW YORK. [finally}!!
and the spokesman didn't say the communities they are going to look at.
Possible sites around Boston, and within an area 50 to 60 miles east of the Hudson River in NY State and Connecticut between 25 and 80 miles of NYC!!
They don't want the UNO to be near or influence of Washington. WHY?
Places narrow down to Plymouth, Worcester, Auburn, Cape Cod, Orange and Middlesex, all in Massachusetts: the Providence are in Rhodes Island, Westchester county, Westhampton beach, Hyde park, Kingston in NY, and the area of Connecticut near the border of NY.
eliminate cites within 10 miles of NY. WHY?
Document: Report on UNO Site Irks Westchester Published:
Supporting Details:
New York and Connecticut could easily be established if they were the permanent headquarters.
Westchester-Connecticut are was 1st choice for the UNO H.Q.
because proximity to NY.
estimated 140 miles and affected 10,000 people? dont get!!
and other info..........
RAchel 3\30\08
Hunter College Site for UNO Will be Urged on O' Dwyer( February 26, 1946)
Main Idea-The United Nations want to stay at Hunters college but there are oppositions.
Supporting Details
• The Structure of the building is cu out for the meetings they would have and the number of people that would attend the meetings
• There is opposition by Mayor O'Dwyer and Dr George N. Shuster who is the president of the College because they want to preserve the college for educational matters and don't want the U.N. to permanently take over .
• Bronx borough president James J. Lyons agreed with the U.N.'s decision and tried to convince the Mayor that the U.N. is a peace organization that would benefit the world.
• Because of these strong opposition there are other sites being observed which include the White law Reid mansion in east midtown the Empire State Building and the Center theater in Rockefeller Center
Questions
• Why didn't they go to the President of the United States since the U.N. was a world organization for peace?
• Why were the U.N. officials at their wits?
• Who is Lyons?
• Why was Mayor O'Dwyer so important in the decision making whether the U.N. headquarters should be at Hunters College?
UNO Headquarters in the Bronx For 3 to 5 years Seen Likely(March 1st 1946)
Main Idea- The U.N. has finally been accepted into Hunters College only for short period of time
Supporting details
Questions
• Why was the U.N. headquarters in the Bronx only for a permanent time?
• How was the borough president, Lyons, able to convince Mayor O’Dwyer and the president of Hunters college into accepting the U.N. at Hunters College?
• Why couldn’t the U.N. buy the building and loan it to the College for educational purposes?
• What did students of the College think about the U.N. moving into the college building.?
• How did the uU.N settling at hunters college affect the students
Two ideas on U.N. Capital Global city or Campus(February 17 '08)
Main Idea- There’s still an argument of whether the U.N. should stay in America or Britain.
Supporting Details
• The two main ideas were from Britain who wanted the U.N. to have their own international world in America and the others came from Americans who just want them to occupy a suitable building.
• The decision however could only be made by the General Assembly
• There would also be Individual offices in different buildings like the delegates.
• The are a lot of people coming for meetings so they need hotels or other places for their accommodations
Questions
Who were the General Assembly?
03/08/08
Record: They did not receive much help form the government. The government preoccupied with the recover
and adujesment of the war.
Thought of the U.S. being the headquarters for the U.N. because so that the concept of international cooperations could match forces on the spot with those of it arch-enemy, isolationism.
The shift of the center of gravity away fro Europe did not give any particular ground for concern.
Rachel 3\14\08
Main Idea- page 60-61
The heated argument of where the U.N should be is still going on in London. Many of the countries there don't want the power of Europe to be shifted to another continent.
Supporting Details-the swiss government would alow the U.N to be in their country but it would demand that any decision by the Security Coounsel involving the use of military forces be taken outside the proposed Geneva headquaters and beyond the Swiss borders
Questions. What was the league of the Nations?
Will the league of the Nations be destroyed if the U.N moves to America?
How is the author connected to the U.N
United Nations Team: Nice work on the analysis of pages 54 & 55. Take a look at my suggestions and questions that follow some of the following paragraphs. Try and locate information that helps you answer important how and why questions.
Also begin looking at each other's posting to see how the information each of you identified fits together. Begin to develop a chronology of the events leading up to the selection of the New-York-City area as the permanent headquarters of the United Nations. Then begin to look for an analysis of why the Security Council of the United Nations temporarily met at Hunter College. You want to begin writing down your thought on this website so that all team members see how her data connects to those of other team members.
It may be helpful for you to know that the author of the book you are using, Trygve Lie, was immediately involved in the establishment of the United Nations. Here is his biographical sketch from the dust jacket of the book: "Trygve Lie, Norway's great statesman, had already attained distinction in his own country when he became Secretary-General of the United Nations. Born and educated in Oslo, he took an early interest in international affairs. Elected to Parliament in 1935, he served as Minister of Justice for four years and as Minister of Trade, Industry, Shipping, and Fishing from 1939 to 1940. When the Nazis seized Norway in the latter year, he was appointed Foreign Minister of the Government-Exile in London and played a major part in saving the Norwegian fleet for the Allies. Following the war he continued as Foreign Minister and was associated with the United Nations from its inception. He headed the Norwegian delegation to the San Francisco Conference in 1945, and, in February 1946, was chosen Secretary-General of the new world organization."
How does the above quotation add to your understanding of the material you are reading?
Impressive job on the reading!
Chuck
3-14-o8
Rachel (Revised)
==Where is the Center Of the World Main Idea (pages 54-55)- A heated argument about where the Head Quatters of the U.N should be.(New York or London?)
Supporting details- the U.N had a long and heated argument that started in Church House London as early as September 1945. "old concepts based on once dominating geographical, military and political factors had been turned upside and since" Some of these old concepts included Europe being the most powerful nation of the world that were able to colonize other countries and rule them because they had a strong military background and well developed as a continent. Britain and France for example have been dominating over the world. About a quarter of Africa speaks french because they were colonized by France and almost half speaks British English because they were colonized by Great Britain.
Quotes by Dr. Fridtjof Nansen " The difficult can be done immediately; the impossible takes a little longer.
A heated argument about where the U.N headquarters should be and where the official recognition of the worlds new political center of gravity on September 1945.
This issue affected Europe in many ways. They were no more recognized as the most powerful nation of the world. The power had shifted to America because Europe was defeated in the war while America became more prominent as a whole nation.
Questions- Why did the league of nations break apart to form the United Nations? Was this caused by where the location of the head quatters of the U.N would be? (the separation of the league of Nations) Why was the decision to establish U.N headquatters not only in America but on the Northwestern shore of the Atlantic Ocean not appreciated at all? What was the political impact of moving the U.N headquatters to New York.
Main Idea(pages 56-57) Europe no longer became the center of the World after the world war 2 causing it to lose its power worldwide. This might have been the reason why the U.N changed their mind from putting the Headquatters of the U.N in London to New York
Suppoting Details- After the 2nd world war, there were supremacy of two powers.- both bodering on the Pacific-more apparent by the day, a new world picture began to take form and two new powers of the world had overwhelming stregnth. This caused the the recognition of the center of gravity to shift from Europe to America.
The Second World War caused London to lose power because new nations began to immerge from the war and there was a change in the direction of political self- assertion. This helped New York to grow in international prominence because it became an industrialized city in the North east of America where women worked and even weapons and After America became one of the new world power more and more countries wanted to invest there. The U.N thought that it would be a good idea to be in new York City because of its growth.with America.
Topics -World War 2, Europeans don't lose much because Norwegians controlled ported and extended markets over the world.
Questions. Did Europe's over throw after World War 2 affect the U.N's decision over where the New Headquarters would be? What kind of change occurred in recognition of world power (geographically) after the war? How was Norwegian connected to the U.N?
Rachel Ansong 2\4\08
I wanted to really understand the Job on the United Nations so I went to Yahoo and typed in The untied Nations. I find out that the main idea of the U.N is to help solve problems that challenge humanity in terms of Human rights and their environment and ways to reduce poverty.
Next, I narrowed my search down to Bedford Park Blvd and links to the U.N where i found out that After the end of the 2nd World War, in 1946, Hunter colleges Bronx Campus served briefly as host of the United Nations.
in this research i also found out that most people living in Bedford Park Blvd are immigrants.
Rachel:
Nice start on the note-taking/summarizing/questioning. Think about including important details from the paragraphs. I see you wrote up the title and the first paragraph, so you might not have found a lot of useful information. Keep in mind, however, that in using the "Topic--Main Idea--Important Detail" system, you are organizing the information in a way so that you need not look back to the text when developing your argument and writing your essay. In addition, you should think about creating a format that allows you to see how the important details support the main idea." It looks like you're jotting down information here as you read. EXACTLY HOW YOU SHOULD BEGIN RESEARCHING! But, don't stop there. As you read in "How to Read a Secondary Source," you want to rearrange the data so it is easy to use.
I'll make it a point to talk about the above material on Saturday. If I forget, however, please remind me.
The following is something off the top of my head; don't think of it as a perfect example.
Topic: The United Nations.
Main Idea: The highly contested debate over where to headquarter the United Nations.
Important Details:
The "losers" (Who were the "losers"?) in the debate over the location of the United Nations argued that placing the headquarters in America was administratively inconvenient and resulted in practical difficulties that would not have resulted if the HQ was established in another location (Europe?) (55, para 1)
The "winners" (Who were the "winners"?) won by such a small margin that they didn't want to press the argument further. (55, para 1)
When the two sides were fighting, neither one "fully appreciated" the true meaning of locating the UN headquarters in America. (What was the true meaning?) (55, para 1)
Contact me if you have any questions.
See you Saturday.
Chuck
Where is the Center Of the World?
Rachel
Notes from Cater
paragraph 1and title: Questions
Where do i think the center of the world is?
Why did the U.N pick New York but not London?
Did different views of where the center of the world was affect the organization.?
Main Idea of paragraph one is to describe the Heated argument of why the U.N chose their headquarters to be in New York but not London which is known to be the center of the World.
My opinion about this is that the organization should have chosen London because geographically it was the center of the world where the U.N could connect and associate with many countries. However i think the United States was well developed at that time or it was the Industrial Revolutionary time where things in the U.S was getting more developed.
Feiza Umme 2/28/08
I am doing Center 60 through 65!!!
Topic?The Untied Nation Location
Main Idea? The debate over the location of the Untied Nation
Important Details?
first Para:The I person think New York is appropriate for the Untied Nation because New Yorks huge metropolis, international crossroads, technical facilities and San Fransisco
Second Para:The losers debating over the location are the Opinion if the Norwegian Foreign Office and his fellow cabinet members. They choose Europe because it was close to Norway, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
third Para: I don't understand this paragraph that much. Can you Explain? REMIND ME ON SATURDAY!!
Fourth Para: The pro-European forces lost the first round. DO YOU KNOW WHY?? (A POSSIBLE QUESTION FOR A RESEARCH STRING.) The Organization Executive Committee recommended to the Untied Nation Prepratory Commission. Philp Noel something dislike that decision [wasnt his wishes[.
Questions?
Frist Paragraph:Who is I? What does international crossroads etc. have to anything? They are here for business not site seeing.
Thrid Paragraph:Why did the Norwegian Delegation leave for London?
Fourth Paragraph: What do they mean Pro-European? Whats Geneva?What does Philp Noel-Baker have to do with the Untied Nation?
Feiza Umme March 30, 2008
These are the notes for Primary Source Document
Document: Republicans Chafe Under UNO Gymnasium Picked
Main Idea : i don't understand anything that is going on. I understand that they choose Hunter {which is present Lehman } and specifically the Gymnasium. And that there weren't that many instructions carried out.
Document: {Main Idea} New York Offers Rooms for the UNO. [takes place in 1946}
Supporting Details: N.Y and three other cites recommended for the UN. headquaters. [Atlantic City, Boston, N.J.}
Hotel officials had agreed to provide accommodations for 5,000 people
Hotel people of NY had agreed to offer facilities for a maximum of 5,000 people and 250 suites and then adds 50 more suites.
OFFERS facilltiles in: Nassau County, Rockfeller Center, a mansion in Madison avenue etc.
Need housing of 200 people and assures that Queens and Nassua will have sapce.
Nassua people in return want more veterans.
Questions: Why do they need sto much suites?
Who are they for?
Why do there to be temporary cities for the U.N HEAD QUATERS?
Document: {Main Idea}New York and Boston are the Areas for UN0
Supporting Details:
UNO Interim Committee have selected PERMANENT AREAS in BOSTON OR NEW YORK. [finally}!!
and the spokesman didnt say the communties they are going to look at.
Possible sites around Boston, and within an area 50 to 60 miles east of the Hudson River in NY State and Connecticut between 25 and 80 miles of NYC!!
They dont want the UNO to be near or influence of Washington. WHY?
Places narrow down to Plymouth, Worchester, Auburn, Cape Cod, Orange and Middlesex, all in Massachusetts: the Providence are in Rhode Island, Weschester county, westhampton beach, hyde park, kingston in NY, and the area of connecticut near the border of NY. WHERE IS MANHATTAN IN THIS LIST?
elimnate cites within 10 miles of NY. WHY?
Document: [Main Idea] Report on UNO Site Irks Westchester
Supporting Details:
New York and Connecticut could easily be established if they were the permanent headquaters.
Westchester-Connecticut are was 1st choice for the UNO H.Q.
because proximity to NY.
estimated 140 miles and affected 10,000 people? dont get!!
and other info..........
Hunter College Site for UNO Will be Urged on O' Dwyer **
Main Idea-The United Nations want to stay at hunters college but there are oppositions.
Supporting Details-
- The Structure of hte building is cu out for the meetings they would have and the number of people that would attend the meetings.
- There is opposition by MAyor O'Dwyer and Dr George N. Shuster who is the president of the Colleg because they want to preserve the college for educational purposes and don't want the U.N to permanently take over .
Bronx borough president James J. Lyons agredd with the U.N's decision and tried to convince the Mayor that the U.N is a peace organization that would benefit the world.
Questions
: Why didn't they go to the President of the United States since the U.N was a world organization for peace?
Why were the U.N officials at their wits?
Who is lyons?
Why was MAyor O'Dwyer so important in the decision making whether the U.N headquartters should be at Hunters College?
Rachel 3\14\08
Main Idea- page 60-61
The heated argument of where the U.N should be is still going on in London. Many of the countries there don't want the power of Europe to be shifted to another continent.
Supporting Details-the swiss government would alow the U.N to be in their country but it would demand that any decision by the Security Coounsel involving the use of military forces be taken outside the proposed Geneva headquaters and beyond the Swiss borders
Questions. What was the league of the Nations?
Will the league of the Nations be destroyed if the U.N moves to America?
How is the author connected to the U.N
United Nations Team:
Nice work on the analysis of pages 54 & 55. Take a look at my suggestions and questions that follow some of the following paragraphs. Try and locate information that helps you answer important how a nd why questions.
Also begin looking at each other's posting to see how the information each of you identified fits together. Begin to develop a chronology of the events leading up to the selection of the New-York-City area as the permanent headquarters of the United Nations. Then begin to look for an analysis of why the Security Council of the United Nations temporarily met at Hunter College. You want to begin writing down your thought on this website so that all team members see how her data connects to those of other team members.
It may be helpful for you to know that the author of the book you are using, Trygve Lie, was immediately involved in the establishment of the United Nations. Here is his biographical sketch from the dust jacket of the book: "Trygve Lie, Norway's great statesman, had already attained distinction in his own country when he became Secretary-General of the United Nations. Born and educated in Oslo, he took an early interest in international affairs. Elected to Parliament in 1935, he served as Minister of Justice for four years and as Minister of Trade, Industry, Shipping, and Fishing from 1939 to 1940. When the Nazis seized Norway in the latter year, he was appointed Foreign Minister of the Government-Exile in London and played a major part in saving the Norwegian fleet for the Allies. Following the war he continued as Foreign Minister and was associated with the United Nations from its inception. He headed the Norwegian delegation to the San Francisco Conference in 1945, and, in February 1946, was chosen Secretary-General of the new world organization."
How does the above quotation add to your understanding of the material you are reading?Impressive job on the reading!Chuck
3-14-o8
Rachel (Revised)
==Where is the Center Of the World Main Idea (pages 54-55)- A heated argument about where the Head Quatters of the U.N should be.(New York or London?)
Supporting details- the U.N had a long and heated argument that started in Church House Londonas early as September 1945. "old concepts based on once dominating geographical, military and political factors had been turned upside and since" Some of these old concepts included Europe being the most powerful nation of the world that were able to colonize other countries and rule them because they had a strong military backgroung and well developed as a continent. Britain and France for example have been dominating over the world. About a quarter of Africa speaks frecnh because they were colonized by France and almost half speaks British English because they were colonized by Great Britain.
Quotes by Dr. Fridtjof Nansen " The difficult can be done immediately; the impossible takes a little longer.
A heated argument about where the U.N headquatters should be and where the official recognition of the worlds new political center of gravity on September 1945.
This issue affected Europe in many ways. They were no more recognized as the most poweful nation of the world. The power had shifted to America because Europe was defeated in the war while America became more prominent as a whole nation.
Questions- Why did the league of nations break apart to form the United Nations? Was this caused by where the location of the head quatters of the U.N would be? (the separation of the league of Nations) Why was the decision to establish U.N headquatters not only in America but on the Northwestern shore of the Atlantic Ocean not appreciated at all? What was the political impact of moving the U.N headquatters to New York.
Main Idea(pages 56-57) Europe no longer became the center of the World after the world war 2 causing it to lose its power worldwide. This might have been the reason why the U.N changed their mind from putting the Headquatters of the U.N in London to New York
Suppoting Details- After the 2nd world war, there were supremacy of two powers.- both bodering on the Pacific-more apparent by the day, a new world picture began to take form and two new powers of the world had overwhelming stregnth. This caused the the recognition of the center of gravity to shift from Europe to America.
The Second World War casued London to lose power because new nations began to immerge from the war and there was a change in the directionof political self- assertion. This helped New York to grow in international prominence because it became an industarilized city in the North east of America where women worked and even weapons and After America became one of the new world power more and more countries wanted to invest there. The U.N thought that it would be a good idea to be in new York City because of its growth.with America.
Topics -World War 2, Eropeans don't lose much because Norwegians controlled portd and extended markets over the world.
Questions. Did Europe's over throw after World War 2 affect the U.N's decision over where the New Head quatters would be? What kind of change occured in recognition of world power (geographically) after the war? How was Norwegian connected to the U.N?
Motushi 3-28-08
Topic- Location of the un
Main Idea- a rural area of about forty two square miles extending from westchester county into fairfield county, connecticut was reccommended for the permenant headquarters of the un organization and ny as a primary choice for intermin headquarters
Supporting Details
-Para 3-the prosolas were submitted to the commitee on the pemanent head quarters in london at 10-30 am
-Para 5- for intermin hq ny prefered to boston and atlantic city, nj
-Para 8- nelson a rockeffelor- offered center thaetre of the americas and 49th street
-Para 9- central point in center theatre seats 3,500 has about 10 rooms for offices theatre would be used for bout 6 weeks each year by the general assembly
Questions-
-what is london the permenant hq
-wat does intermin hq mean__
Check out how much better the your writing is in the linked pages!
Keep up the great work! You're almost done.
Chuck
UN_Group_A1.jpg
UN_Group_A2.jpg
UN_Group_A3.jpg
During the selection of sites to consider, many sites were ruled out. After the Midwest and south sections of the us were ruled out only atlantic seaboard states remained. Philadelphia was also removed from the list of possible sites because it was too close to Washington, the Uno doesn’t want the final location to come under Washington’s influence. The sites that were to be chosen can not be nar a large city and must not be within ten miles of nyc.
The uno had some specific interests and things that it would like for the sites chosen. A city was preferred for the interim headquarters. They would need space for the permanent secretrait(1,000 persons), the security council (between 100 and 200 persons), and for the general assembly (5,000 persons).
There were many sites that were chosen for the interim headquarters. NYC, Boston and Atlantic City were suggested for choice of the interim HQ. The Sperry gyroscope plant at Lake Success, Nassau County, Rockefeller center theatre and Whitelaw Reid at Madison Avenue at 50th street the Stamford Greenwich site, hyde park, the blue hills and north shore districts of massachusets , the empire state building and the hunter college gym building were chosen sites.
When Greenwich, Connecticut Greenwich Stamford area was first preference on list of proposed sites for permanent HQ an explosion of public protest arose. They felt “placing a large institution such as capital of Uno in or adjacent to Greenwich will change character of community-up to this time has been purely residential, that the home environment of many thousands of people will be seriously disturbed
When hunter college was selected as a choice for the interim headquarters protest erupted from many difeernt source. The president of hunter college, George n Shuster was one of them and he calls the idea as being disastrous with overcrowded colleges. Shuster says that “we are opposed strongly” and that “our educational facilities are strained to the utmost now and under those circumstances the taking out of circulation af an educational unit as large as large as the Bronx unit would be nothing short of disastrous”. The reconditioning of the buildings that the navy had under their control as a training camp would be finished on sept. 1 when the “educational load” will be heavy. He also said that continued use of the college for uno purposes woud “gravely impair the education of young people for the next few years.” Another opposition came from a committee representing students self government association of hunter college visited city hall and left 450 petitions bearing 3534 signatures of students and Bronx residents who uttered hesitation over effects that the loss of the college buildings would have on the cities education program if the Uno was to become a permanent occupant The newspaper also said that the UN was depriving the war veterans of their chance to resume their studies by moving into the empty buildings of Hunter College.
Mayor o’ dwyer was advised strongly to make the Bronx campus of hunter college available as an interim home for the security council. The reason of choosing hunter was that the five buildings there with their assembly halls of various size and living quarters for the secretrait was described as “might have wll been designed for our purposes”. If the mayor opposed then the uno would have to stop locating on uptown college grounds. The mayor would need to help find space for the security council meeting a hall with a capacity of at leats 500 to 1000 persons and for the secretrait of 200 to 250 translators and steno typists, the press and a nominal number of the public.
motushi ahmed
Conclusion
As seen in this essay, the U.N security Council had a very difficult time finding a location for their temporary and permanent headquarters in the United States.
They faced both international and domestic oppositions. The European Nations thought that relocating the U.N to America would cause a shift of power as seen at the end of the second world war, thus opposed this decision. Within the United States, opppositions came from places like Hunter college, where the U.N sought to place its temporary security counsil headquarters. Through thick or thin, the United Nations was able to find a suitable place for their housing in New York. Though they didn't get exactly what they wanted they found a place that was suitable for them in Manhattan. Now with the United States as the most powerful nation in the world and having a world peace organization in its premises, there is an assurance of a safer world for us.
Europe has always been known as the center of the world. In the early 1500's Europeans were able to soar around the world colonizing different countries around the world. They controlled the coastal areas of almost every country by which they made a lot of their wealth. In addition to this. Europeans were able to colonize and conquer the United States only for a few years.(The U.S. is now the most powerful country in the world after breaking away from england and claiming their independence) This was one of the many beginnings that proved to Europeans that America would grow into a strong and powerful country.
World War two began in 1939 and ended in 1945. It was a very deadly and costly war for Americans and mostly Europeans. According to "Charter", a primary source document on th U.N security counsil, this war left London in complete destruction leaving the U.N members no where to have their meetings but in half burned half full buildings. As a result of the second world war,there was a shift of gravity on where the center of the world should be. Unfortunately, the west of Europe had been conquered by the enemy, (Soviet Union another superpower during the Cold War). However, America was left standing strong as a result of their industrialization that helped them trade with other countries and help them come out of the Grerat depression, Thus improving their economy and being known as the new center of the world. Based on these analysis the U.N security council had no other perfect plan than to place a world peace organization, U. N headquarters in the U.S because of it location and its new name as the most powerful country in the world.
Finding a location for the intemin headquarters was not easy. There were many oppositions within the sites chosen. The United Nations selected three of the buildings within the Bronx campus at hunter college. The newspaper, the mayor and the president of Hunter college all opposed this movement. The newspapers said that by moving into the empty buildings of Hunter the un was stealing because then the war veterans who will be returning cannot resume their studies. Mayor o’ Dwyer also opposed this movement he did not want the students to be deprived of their education. George n Shuster who is the president of hunter described this idea as disastrous. Shuster did not want overcrowding within the college.-Motushi Ahmed
Feiza Umme
In 1939, when World War Two erupted in Europe with Germany’s invasion of Poland, numerous economic indicators suggested that the Untied Nation was still deeply mired in the depression. Europe was the world’s political powe rand also the center of gravity. However after World War Two, all of that changed. Europe’s government was naturally preoccupied with their own problems of recovery and readjustment following the war. Europe, in short was no longer the sole contender of the world’s political power center of gravity, as it has been for centuries – a role which has resulted in periodic internal struggles on the content itself and in the imposition of foreign rule on other large areas not necessarily in need of tutorship. These days were over. All these changes has caused Europe to loose the political power and that power has transferred to the United states. We are studying the problems associated with placing the United Nations permanent and interim headquarters in America because we want to prove how America gained power.
There may have been some questions as to whether or the original choice of the Untied States as the world capital was really wise. Its security, its distance from the world's principal trouble zones, its freedom of press and speech, its great technical apparatus, were undoubtedly decisive factors in its favor, through against these be held the high cost of everything in the Untied States, including the choosen site with assessed valuation of $60,000,000 and the scarcity of dollar exchange, which it makes for smaller countries to meet their contribution and might even affect the proper disementation of the UNO news irrevocable, and since that choice was limited to the Eastern seaboard, the selection of New York and its immediate neighborhood appears inescapable.
Philadelphia was eliminated because of its proximity to Washington. The UNO had a debate on a site several delegates argued that the organizations capital should not be near enough to come under its influence.The committee formal announced that the site should not be located within the or too near a large metropolitan district.
Secondary Source Documents (International Oppositions)
(pg 62) The commission's Committee Eight by a vote of 30 to 14, agree that :"the permanent headquarters of the Untied States be located in the Untied States of America." Only a few minutes before, an amendment recommending Europe in place of the United States had been defeated by 25 to 23, with 2 abstentions. The leader of the "European party," Philip Noel Baker-had agreed in the end to make the choice of an American site unanimous. Do i need this paragraph for the oppositions.
Finding a permanent headquarter for the Untied Nation was a long and difficult process. As early as September 1945, the intense discussions started in the Church House, London did not clearly point out the official recognition of the world's new political center of gravity. The Europeans who were called "the losers" were uncertain that they were no longer the world's political center of gravity. The Untied States were called the "winners" were not enthusiastic to defend their position after all the Untied States barely won the victory.
The metropolitan areas and internationals crossroads of the Untied States would be in several ways propose an unsurpassed agreement with the foreign countries. But New York's specially has technical facilities are highly developed than any other American city that was discussed. But even before the first meeting in the Church House the Norwegian Foreign Office had made it decision and favored Europe. After all, Europe was far closer to Norway. Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium and France supported Europe. There were many conflicting sides and the arguments which came “increasingly to light” during December, 1945.
The Norwegian Delegation to the Preparatory Commission left for London during that time. The delegation was recommended to put an appropriate location in the east coast. "In the meantime, the pro-European lost the first round." The Organization's Executive Committee had recommended the Untied Nations Headquarters to be set up in the Untied States. Philip Noel-Baker had struggle fearlessly, though failed, for Geneva. Andrei Gromyko of the U.S.S.R had favored the Untied States. The Soviet Union then later modified its stand to support the east coast.
(pg 61) The final decision suggested to The General Assembly had been delayed but the opinion was going toward in favor of Europe. Canada, which had voted for the Untied States in the Executive Committee, now favored Europe. Britain, Canada, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Greece were strongly supported Europe. Poland jeopardized Soviet disapproval by also in favoring Europe.
In the end, the Permanent Headquarters Committee confirmed the Permanent Headquarters should be placed near New York, in Westchester Country, New York and/or Fairfield County, Connecticut. Further, it allowed establishment of a new Permanent Headquarters Commission to prepare other plans for Permanent Headquarters based on areas of two, four to five, ten, twenty, of forty square miles.
That was not the end. All of that changes after nine months when final decision for the Permanent Headquarter was again taken consideration when John D. Rockefeller Jr. donated 8.5 million dollars to pay for the 18 acre site. He guaranteed the construction of the building in the city. The Untied Nation Headquarters is located from 1st Avenue to FDR Drive, 405 East 42nd to East 48th. The Untied States Senate and House of Representatives voted in 1945 to allow the Untied Nation to have its Headquarter in New York. Construction of the 39 floor 544 ft tall construction took place between 1949 and 1951 and it was officially opened on January 9, 1951.
RACHEAL AND MOU!!!
THESE ARE THE PARAGRAPHS IT SHOULD BE!!
THIS IS THE ORDER
1. Europe as a center of the world rACHEAL
2. World War Two led to shift in Europe.RACHEAL
3. U.S became a proposal for the U.N. RACHEAL
4. International Opposition (Permanent Headquarters) Feiza
to the USA
7. National Opposition (Interim Headquarters) MOU
8 THE hell did the Untied Nations end up in Manhattan?
Motushi-66-73
topic- un location
main idea- hunter and Sperry plant chosen as hq
para 3- hunter-number of advantages feb 25p 66
-lease signed march 6
para 4- oppositions by newspapers p66
para 2 march-21- meeting held there p.67
para 3 -hunter temp for first few months p.68
- two possibilities get more space at hunter or move to Sperry plant at lake success
para 5-lease of half the plant for 3 yrs starting from July 1st.p68
para 4- municipal auditorium on world fairs ground in flushing meadow rent free plus 1,200,000 dollars in repairs and remodeling costs p.68
para 5 page 72 nine months later "I" found the final solution to the question of the permanent headquarters
questions
-who is I?
-what is his name?
-why did he join the U.N?
-was he the main guy?
Motushi - chuck i put 113-115 together i hope thats ok date -5- 2- 08
main idea-the permanent headquarters of the un
supporting details
para6- on feb 14,1946 the questing of the un location was stated
para7-location- Westchester (ny) and or Fairfield(conn.) counties near nyc
para9-commission drawing of plans of approximately 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 sq miles and cost
para11-the 2nd part of the 1st session would determine the exact area required and exact location
para20- intermin hq located in nyc end of feb the rep. were sent to find placed for sec. council meetings beginning march 21
- hunter college- feb25 on behalf of secretary general 3 building til may 5 leased
para 22-flushing meadow april11 secretariat- Sperry plant at lake success hunter lease extended from may 15 to aug 15, 1946 572,000 sq ft of Sperry plant meeting aug 15
para 30 all the selections were all in Westchester county
WAVES_A_TQR_Web.jpg
BETTER VERSION OF THE T/Q/R
THE DECISION TO PLACE THE INTERIM AND PERMANENT HEADQUARTERS OF THE UNTIED NATIONS IN THE UNTIED STATES FACED INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL OPPOSITIONS BECAUSE OF THE FEAR OF AMERICAN ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL POWER.
Group A United Nations Team: Welcome back. Thanks for the emails! Here is a suggestion to help you with the T/Q/R. Take a few minutes at the beginning of the workshop and create a web showing all the subjects found in the readings you've covered. What things/topics do they address? How many of them deal with the temporary headquarters of the Security Council at Hunter College? How many of them deal with other topics, for example the debate over locating the permanent headquarters of the United Nations in the United States? You might need to shift your focus slightly depending on the material you've read. Look closely at the information from "Center of the World."
If you look at your statement above, you can see elements of a strong T/Q/R. What are the "economic and political shifts" to which you refer? Are they shifts at Hunter College? New York City? Let the information you've uncovered lead your thinking about the T/Q/R. Do not try to force the Security Council Activity at Hunter College into the T/Q/R when it may not fit.
Chuck
Feiza Umme
These are the notes for Primary Source Document
Document: The Capital of the World
Published Date: February 4,1946
Topic: New York is interim location where the capital of the world should be.
Main Idea: The capital of the world meaning the headquarters of the Untied Nation should be New York but the decision hasn't been approved. The positive and negative aspect of the new york.
Supporting Details:
- the seven-nations committee recommended Westchester-Standford area for the permanent h.q. for the U.N. and nyc as an interim headquarters for the UN.
- The negatives are that distance from the world's principal trouble zones, its freedom of press and speech is a technical apparatus.[WHY?] and the high cost of everything in the U.S and the assessed valuation [is that tax?] of 60,000,000 and the lack of dollar exchange, which makes it difficult for smaller nations to contribute.
- The positives things are compatible with safety, work in a international environment, best technical facilities, transportation and communication are supreme, libraries and institutes are unmatched to do research, cultural and recreational sources, press stands, international populations and nobody feels like a stranger.
Document: The World Capital-The BronxPublished: March 17, 1946
This document is not important.
Document: Interim UNO Site
Published: January 9, 1946
There is nothing new in this article
Document: Republicans Chafe Under UNO Gymnasium Picked
Published: February 25, 1945
Topic:
Main Idea : I understand that they choose Hunter {which is present Lehman } and specifically the Gymnasium. And that there weren't that many instructions carried out.
Supporting Details:
Questions:
Document: New York Offers Rooms for the UNO.
Published:
Supporting Details: N.Y and three other cites recommended for the UN. headquarters. [Atlantic City, Boston, N.J.}
- Hotel officials had agreed to provide accommodations for 5,000 people
- Hotel people of NY had agreed to offer facilities for a maximum of 5,000 people and 250 suites and then adds 50 more suites.
- OFFERS facilities in: Nassau County, Rockefeller Center, a mansion in Madison avenue etc.
- Need housing of 200 people and assures that Queens and Nassau will have sapce.
- Nassau people in return want more veterans.
Questions: Why do they need so much suites?Who are they for?
Why do there to be temporary cities for the U.N HEADQUARTERS?
Document: New York and Boston are the Areas for UN0
Published:
Supporting Details:
- UNO Interim Committee have selected PERMANENT AREAS in BOSTON OR NEW YORK. [finally}!!
- and the spokesman didn't say the communities they are going to look at.
- Possible sites around Boston, and within an area 50 to 60 miles east of the Hudson River in NY State and Connecticut between 25 and 80 miles of NYC!!
- They don't want the UNO to be near or influence of Washington. WHY?
- Places narrow down to Plymouth, Worcester, Auburn, Cape Cod, Orange and Middlesex, all in Massachusetts: the Providence are in Rhodes Island, Westchester county, Westhampton beach, Hyde park, Kingston in NY, and the area of Connecticut near the border of NY.
- eliminate cites within 10 miles of NY. WHY?
Document: Report on UNO Site Irks WestchesterPublished:
Supporting Details:
RAchel 3\30\08
Hunter College Site for UNO Will be Urged on O' Dwyer( February 26, 1946)
Main Idea-The United Nations want to stay at Hunters college but there are oppositions.
Supporting Details
• The Structure of the building is cu out for the meetings they would have and the number of people that would attend the meetings
• There is opposition by Mayor O'Dwyer and Dr George N. Shuster who is the president of the College because they want to preserve the college for educational matters and don't want the U.N. to permanently take over .
• Bronx borough president James J. Lyons agreed with the U.N.'s decision and tried to convince the Mayor that the U.N. is a peace organization that would benefit the world.
• Because of these strong opposition there are other sites being observed which include the White law Reid mansion in east midtown the Empire State Building and the Center theater in Rockefeller Center
Questions
• Why didn't they go to the President of the United States since the U.N. was a world organization for peace?
• Why were the U.N. officials at their wits?
• Who is Lyons?
• Why was Mayor O'Dwyer so important in the decision making whether the U.N. headquarters should be at Hunters College?
UNO Headquarters in the Bronx For 3 to 5 years Seen Likely(March 1st 1946)
Main Idea- The U.N. has finally been accepted into Hunters College only for short period of time
Supporting details
Questions
• Why was the U.N. headquarters in the Bronx only for a permanent time?
• How was the borough president, Lyons, able to convince Mayor O’Dwyer and the president of Hunters college into accepting the U.N. at Hunters College?
• Why couldn’t the U.N. buy the building and loan it to the College for educational purposes?
• What did students of the College think about the U.N. moving into the college building.?
• How did the uU.N settling at hunters college affect the students
Two ideas on U.N. Capital Global city or Campus(February 17 '08)
Main Idea- There’s still an argument of whether the U.N. should stay in America or Britain.
Supporting Details
• The two main ideas were from Britain who wanted the U.N. to have their own international world in America and the others came from Americans who just want them to occupy a suitable building.
• The decision however could only be made by the General Assembly
• There would also be Individual offices in different buildings like the delegates.
• The are a lot of people coming for meetings so they need hotels or other places for their accommodations
Questions
Who were the General Assembly?
03/08/08
Record: They did not receive much help form the government. The government preoccupied with the recover
and adujesment of the war.
Thought of the U.S. being the headquarters for the U.N. because so that the concept of international cooperations could match forces on the spot with those of it arch-enemy, isolationism.
The shift of the center of gravity away fro Europe did not give any particular ground for concern.
Rachel 3\14\08
Main Idea- page 60-61
The heated argument of where the U.N should be is still going on in London. Many of the countries there don't want the power of Europe to be shifted to another continent.
Supporting Details-the swiss government would alow the U.N to be in their country but it would demand that any decision by the Security Coounsel involving the use of military forces be taken outside the proposed Geneva headquaters and beyond the Swiss borders
Questions. What was the league of the Nations?
Will the league of the Nations be destroyed if the U.N moves to America?
How is the author connected to the U.N
United Nations Team:
Nice work on the analysis of pages 54 & 55. Take a look at my suggestions and questions that follow some of the following paragraphs. Try and locate information that helps you answer important how and why questions.
Also begin looking at each other's posting to see how the information each of you identified fits together. Begin to develop a chronology of the events leading up to the selection of the New-York-City area as the permanent headquarters of the United Nations. Then begin to look for an analysis of why the Security Council of the United Nations temporarily met at Hunter College. You want to begin writing down your thought on this website so that all team members see how her data connects to those of other team members.
It may be helpful for you to know that the author of the book you are using, Trygve Lie, was immediately involved in the establishment of the United Nations. Here is his biographical sketch from the dust jacket of the book: "Trygve Lie, Norway's great statesman, had already attained distinction in his own country when he became Secretary-General of the United Nations. Born and educated in Oslo, he took an early interest in international affairs. Elected to Parliament in 1935, he served as Minister of Justice for four years and as Minister of Trade, Industry, Shipping, and Fishing from 1939 to 1940. When the Nazis seized Norway in the latter year, he was appointed Foreign Minister of the Government-Exile in London and played a major part in saving the Norwegian fleet for the Allies. Following the war he continued as Foreign Minister and was associated with the United Nations from its inception. He headed the Norwegian delegation to the San Francisco Conference in 1945, and, in February 1946, was chosen Secretary-General of the new world organization."
How does the above quotation add to your understanding of the material you are reading?
Impressive job on the reading!
Chuck
3-14-o8
Rachel (Revised)
==Where is the Center Of the World Main Idea (pages 54-55)- A heated argument about where the Head Quatters of the U.N should be.(New York or London?)Supporting details- the U.N had a long and heated argument that started in Church House London as early as September 1945. "old concepts based on once dominating geographical, military and political factors had been turned upside and since" Some of these old concepts included Europe being the most powerful nation of the world that were able to colonize other countries and rule them because they had a strong military background and well developed as a continent. Britain and France for example have been dominating over the world. About a quarter of Africa speaks french because they were colonized by France and almost half speaks British English because they were colonized by Great Britain.
Quotes by Dr. Fridtjof Nansen " The difficult can be done immediately; the impossible takes a little longer.
A heated argument about where the U.N headquarters should be and where the official recognition of the worlds new political center of gravity on September 1945.
This issue affected Europe in many ways. They were no more recognized as the most powerful nation of the world. The power had shifted to America because Europe was defeated in the war while America became more prominent as a whole nation.
Questions- Why did the league of nations break apart to form the United Nations? Was this caused by where the location of the head quatters of the U.N would be? (the separation of the league of Nations) Why was the decision to establish U.N headquatters not only in America but on the Northwestern shore of the Atlantic Ocean not appreciated at all? What was the political impact of moving the U.N headquatters to New York.
Main Idea(pages 56-57) Europe no longer became the center of the World after the world war 2 causing it to lose its power worldwide. This might have been the reason why the U.N changed their mind from putting the Headquatters of the U.N in London to New York
Suppoting Details- After the 2nd world war, there were supremacy of two powers.- both bodering on the Pacific-more apparent by the day, a new world picture began to take form and two new powers of the world had overwhelming stregnth. This caused the the recognition of the center of gravity to shift from Europe to America.
The Second World War caused London to lose power because new nations began to immerge from the war and there was a change in the direction of political self- assertion. This helped New York to grow in international prominence because it became an industrialized city in the North east of America where women worked and even weapons and After America became one of the new world power more and more countries wanted to invest there. The U.N thought that it would be a good idea to be in new York City because of its growth.with America.
Topics -World War 2, Europeans don't lose much because Norwegians controlled ported and extended markets over the world.
Questions. Did Europe's over throw after World War 2 affect the U.N's decision over where the New Headquarters would be? What kind of change occurred in recognition of world power (geographically) after the war? How was Norwegian connected to the U.N?
Rachel Ansong 2\4\08
I wanted to really understand the Job on the United Nations so I went to Yahoo and typed in The untied Nations. I find out that the main idea of the U.N is to help solve problems that challenge humanity in terms of Human rights and their environment and ways to reduce poverty.
Next, I narrowed my search down to Bedford Park Blvd and links to the U.N where i found out that After the end of the 2nd World War, in 1946, Hunter colleges Bronx Campus served briefly as host of the United Nations.
in this research i also found out that most people living in Bedford Park Blvd are immigrants.
Rachel:
Nice start on the note-taking/summarizing/questioning. Think about including important details from the paragraphs. I see you wrote up the title and the first paragraph, so you might not have found a lot of useful information. Keep in mind, however, that in using the "Topic--Main Idea--Important Detail" system, you are organizing the information in a way so that you need not look back to the text when developing your argument and writing your essay. In addition, you should think about creating a format that allows you to see how the important details support the main idea." It looks like you're jotting down information here as you read. EXACTLY HOW YOU SHOULD BEGIN RESEARCHING! But, don't stop there. As you read in "How to Read a Secondary Source," you want to rearrange the data so it is easy to use.
I'll make it a point to talk about the above material on Saturday. If I forget, however, please remind me.
The following is something off the top of my head; don't think of it as a perfect example.
Topic: The United Nations.
Main Idea: The highly contested debate over where to headquarter the United Nations.
Important Details:
Contact me if you have any questions.
See you Saturday.
Chuck
Where is the Center Of the World?
Rachel
Notes from Cater
paragraph 1and title: Questions
Where do i think the center of the world is?
Why did the U.N pick New York but not London?
Did different views of where the center of the world was affect the organization.?
Main Idea of paragraph one is to describe the Heated argument of why the U.N chose their headquarters to be in New York but not London which is known to be the center of the World.
My opinion about this is that the organization should have chosen London because geographically it was the center of the world where the U.N could connect and associate with many countries. However i think the United States was well developed at that time or it was the Industrial Revolutionary time where things in the U.S was getting more developed.
Feiza Umme 2/28/08
I am doing Center 60 through 65!!!
Topic?The Untied Nation Location
Main Idea? The debate over the location of the Untied Nation
Important Details?
first Para:The I person think New York is appropriate for the Untied Nation because New Yorks huge metropolis, international crossroads, technical facilities and San Fransisco
Second Para:The losers debating over the location are the Opinion if the Norwegian Foreign Office and his fellow cabinet members. They choose Europe because it was close to Norway, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
third Para: I don't understand this paragraph that much. Can you Explain? REMIND ME ON SATURDAY!!
Fourth Para: The pro-European forces lost the first round. DO YOU KNOW WHY?? (A POSSIBLE QUESTION FOR A RESEARCH STRING.) The Organization Executive Committee recommended to the Untied Nation Prepratory Commission. Philp Noel something dislike that decision [wasnt his wishes[.
Questions?
Frist Paragraph:Who is I? What does international crossroads etc. have to anything? They are here for business not site seeing.
Thrid Paragraph:Why did the Norwegian Delegation leave for London?
Fourth Paragraph: What do they mean Pro-European? Whats Geneva?What does Philp Noel-Baker have to do with the Untied Nation?
Feiza Umme March 30, 2008
These are the notes for Primary Source Document
Document: Republicans Chafe Under UNO Gymnasium Picked
Main Idea : i don't understand anything that is going on. I understand that they choose Hunter {which is present Lehman } and specifically the Gymnasium. And that there weren't that many instructions carried out.
Document: {Main Idea} New York Offers Rooms for the UNO. [takes place in 1946}
Supporting Details: N.Y and three other cites recommended for the UN. headquaters. [Atlantic City, Boston, N.J.}
- Hotel officials had agreed to provide accommodations for 5,000 people
- Hotel people of NY had agreed to offer facilities for a maximum of 5,000 people and 250 suites and then adds 50 more suites.
- OFFERS facilltiles in: Nassau County, Rockfeller Center, a mansion in Madison avenue etc.
- Need housing of 200 people and assures that Queens and Nassua will have sapce.
Nassua people in return want more veterans.Questions: Why do they need sto much suites?
Who are they for?
Why do there to be temporary cities for the U.N HEAD QUATERS?
Document: {Main Idea}New York and Boston are the Areas for UN0
Supporting Details:
Document: [Main Idea] Report on UNO Site Irks Westchester
Supporting Details:
Hunter College Site for UNO Will be Urged on O' Dwyer
**
Main Idea-The United Nations want to stay at hunters college but there are oppositions.
Supporting Details-
- The Structure of hte building is cu out for the meetings they would have and the number of people that would attend the meetings.
- There is opposition by MAyor O'Dwyer and Dr George N. Shuster who is the president of the Colleg because they want to preserve the college for educational purposes and don't want the U.N to permanently take over .
Bronx borough president James J. Lyons agredd with the U.N's decision and tried to convince the Mayor that the U.N is a peace organization that would benefit the world.
Questions
: Why didn't they go to the President of the United States since the U.N was a world organization for peace?
Why were the U.N officials at their wits?
Who is lyons?
Why was MAyor O'Dwyer so important in the decision making whether the U.N headquartters should be at Hunters College?
Rachel 3\14\08
Main Idea- page 60-61
The heated argument of where the U.N should be is still going on in London. Many of the countries there don't want the power of Europe to be shifted to another continent.
Supporting Details-the swiss government would alow the U.N to be in their country but it would demand that any decision by the Security Coounsel involving the use of military forces be taken outside the proposed Geneva headquaters and beyond the Swiss borders
Questions. What was the league of the Nations?
Will the league of the Nations be destroyed if the U.N moves to America?
How is the author connected to the U.N
United Nations Team:
Nice work on the analysis of pages 54 & 55. Take a look at my suggestions and questions that follow some of the following paragraphs. Try and locate information that helps you answer important how a nd why questions.
Also begin looking at each other's posting to see how the information each of you identified fits together. Begin to develop a chronology of the events leading up to the selection of the New-York-City area as the permanent headquarters of the United Nations. Then begin to look for an analysis of why the Security Council of the United Nations temporarily met at Hunter College. You want to begin writing down your thought on this website so that all team members see how her data connects to those of other team members.
It may be helpful for you to know that the author of the book you are using, Trygve Lie, was immediately involved in the establishment of the United Nations. Here is his biographical sketch from the dust jacket of the book: "Trygve Lie, Norway's great statesman, had already attained distinction in his own country when he became Secretary-General of the United Nations. Born and educated in Oslo, he took an early interest in international affairs. Elected to Parliament in 1935, he served as Minister of Justice for four years and as Minister of Trade, Industry, Shipping, and Fishing from 1939 to 1940. When the Nazis seized Norway in the latter year, he was appointed Foreign Minister of the Government-Exile in London and played a major part in saving the Norwegian fleet for the Allies. Following the war he continued as Foreign Minister and was associated with the United Nations from its inception. He headed the Norwegian delegation to the San Francisco Conference in 1945, and, in February 1946, was chosen Secretary-General of the new world organization."
How does the above quotation add to your understanding of the material you are reading?Impressive job on the reading!Chuck
3-14-o8
Rachel (Revised)
==Where is the Center Of the World Main Idea (pages 54-55)- A heated argument about where the Head Quatters of the U.N should be.(New York or London?)Supporting details- the U.N had a long and heated argument that started in Church House Londonas early as September 1945. "old concepts based on once dominating geographical, military and political factors had been turned upside and since" Some of these old concepts included Europe being the most powerful nation of the world that were able to colonize other countries and rule them because they had a strong military backgroung and well developed as a continent. Britain and France for example have been dominating over the world. About a quarter of Africa speaks frecnh because they were colonized by France and almost half speaks British English because they were colonized by Great Britain.
Quotes by Dr. Fridtjof Nansen " The difficult can be done immediately; the impossible takes a little longer.
A heated argument about where the U.N headquatters should be and where the official recognition of the worlds new political center of gravity on September 1945.
This issue affected Europe in many ways. They were no more recognized as the most poweful nation of the world. The power had shifted to America because Europe was defeated in the war while America became more prominent as a whole nation.
Questions- Why did the league of nations break apart to form the United Nations? Was this caused by where the location of the head quatters of the U.N would be? (the separation of the league of Nations) Why was the decision to establish U.N headquatters not only in America but on the Northwestern shore of the Atlantic Ocean not appreciated at all? What was the political impact of moving the U.N headquatters to New York.
Main Idea(pages 56-57) Europe no longer became the center of the World after the world war 2 causing it to lose its power worldwide. This might have been the reason why the U.N changed their mind from putting the Headquatters of the U.N in London to New York
Suppoting Details- After the 2nd world war, there were supremacy of two powers.- both bodering on the Pacific-more apparent by the day, a new world picture began to take form and two new powers of the world had overwhelming stregnth. This caused the the recognition of the center of gravity to shift from Europe to America.
The Second World War casued London to lose power because new nations began to immerge from the war and there was a change in the directionof political self- assertion. This helped New York to grow in international prominence because it became an industarilized city in the North east of America where women worked and even weapons and After America became one of the new world power more and more countries wanted to invest there. The U.N thought that it would be a good idea to be in new York City because of its growth.with America.
Topics -World War 2, Eropeans don't lose much because Norwegians controlled portd and extended markets over the world.
Questions. Did Europe's over throw after World War 2 affect the U.N's decision over where the New Head quatters would be? What kind of change occured in recognition of world power (geographically) after the war? How was Norwegian connected to the U.N?
Motushi 3-28-08
Topic- Location of the un
Main Idea- a rural area of about forty two square miles extending from westchester county into fairfield county, connecticut was reccommended for the permenant headquarters of the un organization and ny as a primary choice for intermin headquarters
Supporting Details
-Para 3-the prosolas were submitted to the commitee on the pemanent head quarters in london at 10-30 am
-Para 5- for intermin hq ny prefered to boston and atlantic city, nj
-Para 8- nelson a rockeffelor- offered center thaetre of the americas and 49th street
-Para 9- central point in center theatre seats 3,500 has about 10 rooms for offices theatre would be used for bout 6 weeks each year by the general assembly
Questions-
-what is london the permenant hq
-wat does intermin hq mean __